Comunicações sem fios para sistemas de deteção de incêndio de próxima geração

A quarta revolução industrial trouxe consigo um dos temas mais investigados atualmente, a Internet das Coisas (IoT). O objetivo geral é interligar o maior número possível de dispositivos no máximo de aplicações. A indústria de alarmes de incêndio está agora a perceber a necessidade de atualizar os seus protocolos de comunicação para acompanhar este novo conceito industrial. A maioria dos sistemas de alarme de incêndio comercializados atualmente são cablados, com protocolos de comunicação antigos. A evolução das tecnologias de comunicação sem fios, trouxe novas funcionalidades que permitem o suporte para aplicações com requisitos críticos de tempo real e de consumo energético. Desta forma, é cada vez mais vantajoso procurar atualizar sistemas deste tipo para tirar proveito da flexibilidade que as comunicações sem fios trazem, uma vez que estas já permitem satisfazer os requisitos desta classe de aplicações. Este trabalho tem como objetivo explorar as tecnologias de comunicações sem fios existentes e avaliar a correspondente adequação à implementação de sistemas de alarme de incêndio. Após a escolha da tecnologia IEEE802.15.4e com TSCH MAC behavior, o foco passou para desenvolver uma prova de conceito baseada em CC2650 Launchpads. Para tal, foi necessário estudar e adaptar o sistema operativo Contiki NG para criar uma micro-network para testes de laboratório de forma a avaliar a implementação.The fourth industrial revolution brought with it one of the most researched topics today, the Internet of Things (IoT). Its overall goal is to interconnect as many devices as possible in as many applications as possible. The fire alarm industry is now realizing the need to upgrade their communication protocols to keep up with this new industrial concept. Most fire alarm systems marketed today are wired and use legacy communication protocols. The evolution of wireless communication technologies has brought new features that allow the support for applications with critical real-time and power consumption requirements. Thus, it is becoming increasingly advantageous to seek to upgrade systems of this type to take advantage of the flexibility that wireless communications bring, since it is already possible to guarantee the requirements posed by fire alarm systems. This work aims to explore existing wireless communications and evaluate which ones can be used to support fire alarm systems. After choosing the IEEE802.15.4e technology with TSCH MAC behavior, the focus shifted to developing a proof of concept based on CC2650 Launchpad. To do this, it was necessary to study and adapt the Contiki NG operating system to create a micro-network for laboratory testing in order to verify the correctness and feasibility of the implementation.Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicaçõe

Neotropical xenarthrans: a dataset of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics.

International audienceXenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions forecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosys-tem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts withdomestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their fulldistribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths.Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae(3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data onDasypus pilo-sus(Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized,but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In thisdata paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence andquantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is fromthe southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of theNeotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regardinganteaters,Myrmecophaga tridactylahas the most records (n=5,941), andCyclopessp. havethe fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data isDasypus novemcinctus(n=11,588), and the fewest data are recorded forCalyptophractus retusus(n=33). Withregard to sloth species,Bradypus variegatushas the most records (n=962), andBradypus pyg-maeushas the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to makeoccurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly ifwe integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, andNeotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure,habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possiblewith the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data inpublications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are usingthese data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved